Light in Photography

The word “photography” literally means drawing with light. So, photography is all about capturing light. Without light, there would be no photography. Understanding how light behaves, interacts with the surroundings and subjects and is shaped by the photographer are essential components of every great photograph.

To understand light further, we will explore:

• What light is
• Light techniques
• How to use light in your photography

Light in photography is absolutely vital; the way you use it can greatly impact the overall look and feel of the image. Why? Well, light creates shadows, highlights, and contrast which can add depth and ambience to your photographs.

One of the key things to keep in mind when playing with light in your photographs is the direction of the light. Side lighting can create dramatic shadows, while backlighting can create a soft and ethereal glow. Experiment with the placing of light and move around, changing where you choose to shoot from. This can dramatically impact the look and feel of an image.

Another important aspect of using light in photography is exposure. The exposure settings on your camera will dictate the amount of light that enters the camera and hits the camera sensor. Proper exposure is essential for creating well-lit photographs that accurately capture the subject.

Lastly, the quality of light, which refers to how hard or soft the light is, is also good to be aware of. Soft light can create a more flattering effect, while hard light can create harsh shadows. Take the time to observe outdoor light at different times of the day and play around with artificial light. Developing an understanding of light’s qualities can help you achieve the desired effect in your photographs.

What is light?

Light is a form of energy that travels in waves. When light waves enter the human eye or indeed a camera lens, brightness and colour are interpreted to create an image. It is the perception of light waves that creates a picture.

Understanding that light comes in many different forms and that it can be perceived in numerous ways, is the first step towards becoming creative with light. Different types of light can create different moods and feelings. Natural light, such as sunlight or moonlight, can create a warm and inviting atmosphere whereas artificial light, such as the light from lamps or flashlights, can create a different mood altogether.

Light Techniques in Photography

With light, there are several techniques that are most effective when lighting your subject.

1. Reflectors. One technique is to use reflectors to bounce light onto your subject. This can help to fill in shadows and create an evenly dispersed lighting effect.
2. Diffuser. Another technique is to use a diffuser to soften harsh light. A diffuser can help to create a more natural-looking effect by spreading out the light and softening the intensity of shadows.
3. Different types of light. You can also experiment with different types of lighting to create different moods in your photographs. Warm light can create a cosy and inviting atmosphere, while cool light can create a more clinical or sterile feel.
4. Artificial light. Another important technique to consider is the use of artificial lighting. Studio lighting, for example, can help to create a controlled lighting environment that allows you to highlight specific elements of your subject.

How to use light in photography

You can use light in your photography in many different ways, in many different contexts. Let’s take a look at some common examples:

1. Outdoor photography

When shooting outdoors, it's important to pay attention to the direction and quality of the light. Early morning and late afternoon light can create a warm and inviting atmosphere, while midday light can be harsh and unflattering. Try shooting in the shade or using a diffuser to soften harsh light.

2. Indoor photography

Indoor shoots generally require artificial lighting. There are numerous options when creating your own studio so try experimenting with different types of lighting. Reflectors are also a helpful tool when attempting to bounce light onto your subject.

3. Portrait photography

When shooting portraits, the subject’s face is usually the focal point and the area that needs most attention. Side lighting can create dramatic shadows, while front lighting can create a drab and unflattering look. If the aim is to create a natural effect, a diffuser will soften any harsh light.

4. Landscape photography

When shooting landscapes, the direction and quality of light will differ at different times of the day. Early morning and late afternoon light can create a warm and soft atmosphere, while midday light can be overly severe. Try using a polarising filter to reduce glare and create more vibrant colours.

Ultimately, don't be afraid to break the rules. They are helpful to know, but once you have learned them, then it’s time to break them and find your creative muse. It’s true, there are many reliable techniques for capturing a well-lit photograph, don't be afraid to experiment and try new things. Sometimes, the most interesting and captivating photographs are the ones that break the rules and challenge the norm.

Become a professional Photographer at the Institute of Creative Design

The importance of lighting in photography cannot be overstated. Lighting is central to all photography! It shapes mood, defines form, and brings depth and emotion to every image. By learning how to see light, control it, and experiment with its many qualities, you can transform simple snapshots into powerful photographs. Once you have a strong understanding of techniques and light quality, there is no stopping you from creating stunning images.

If you are interested in learning about photography or becoming a professional Photographer, have a look at our industry-accredited courses.

FAQ

What are the three rules of light for photography

The three rules are direction, quality, and quantity. Direction shapes shadows, quality controls softness or hardness, and quantity determines brightness and exposure.

What is the best lighting setup for photography

A three-point setup is often best, using a key light, fill light, and back light to create balance and depth. For a simpler option, natural window light with a reflector works well too.

Where should light be in a photo

Light should be placed to highlight your subject and create the mood you want. Side light adds depth, front light gives even illumination, and back light can create silhouettes or a glow.